Early Dutch Artists (15th–16th Century)
Early Dutch Artists (15th–16th Century)
Jan van Eyck (c. 1390–1441) – Painter
Jan van Eyck is often credited with perfecting oil painting and revolutionizing realism. His work emphasized detail, vibrant colors, and sophisticated light. Key Works: The Arnolfini Portrait, The Ghent Altarpiece.
Early Dutch Artists (15th–16th Century)
Hieronymus Bosch (c. 1450–1516) – Painter
Bosch’s fantastical, surreal works are famous for their bizarre creatures and symbolic representations of religious and moral themes. Key Works: The Garden of Earthly Delights, The Haywain Triptych.
Early Dutch Artists (15th–16th Century)
Adriaen de Vries (c. 1556–1626) – Sculptor
A leading Renaissance sculptor in the Netherlands, De Vries is known for his dynamic, emotional sculptures in the Baroque style, often depicting mythological and religious scenes. Key Works: The Sacrifice of Iphigenia, Bacchus, The Rape of Persephone.
Dutch Golden Age (17th Century)
Dutch Golden Age (17th Century)
Rembrandt van Rijn (1606–1669) – Painter
Rembrandt is celebrated for his dramatic use of light and shadow (chiaroscuro), capturing deep emotion and psychological insight in his portraits and biblical scenes. Key Works: The Night Watch, The Jewish Bride, Self-Portrait with Two Circles.
Dutch Golden Age (17th Century)
Johannes Vermeer (1632–1675) – Painter
Vermeer’s quiet domestic scenes, known for their intimate atmosphere and masterful use of light, have made him one of the most revered painters in history. Key Works: Girl with a Pearl Earring, The Milkmaid, View of Delft.
Dutch Golden Age (17th Century)
Jan Steen (1626–1679) – Painter
Steen’s genre paintings, often humorous and moralistic, depict everyday life and are filled with vivid color and action. Key Works: The Feast of Saint Nicholas, The Merry Family, The Doctor's Visit.
19th Century to Early 20th Century
19th Century to Early 20th Century
Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890) – Painter
A leading figure in Post-Impressionism, Van Gogh's expressive brushstrokes and bold use of color have made him an iconic figure in art history. Key Works: Starry Night, Sunflowers, The Bedroom.
19th Century to Early 20th Century
Karel Appel (1921–2006) – Painter & Sculptor
A central figure in the COBRA movement, Appel’s work featured expressive, bold colors and abstract forms. His sculptures also reflect his spontaneous and childlike approach to art. Key Works: The Fisherman, Tree, Head of a Woman.
19th Century to Early 20th Century
Theo van Doesburg (1883–1931) – Painter & Sculptor
Van Doesburg was a key figure in the De Stijl movement and also worked in sculpture, creating pieces that embraced abstract forms and geometric design. Key Works: Abstract sculptures influenced by the principles of De Stijl.
Modern & Contemporary Artists and Sculptors
Modern & Contemporary Artists and Sculptors
Willem de Kooning (1904–1997) – Painter & Sculptor
Born in the Netherlands, de Kooning was a key figure in Abstract Expressionism and worked in both painting and sculpture, creating dynamic and abstract human forms. Key Works: Woman I, Excavation, Pink Angels.
Modern & Contemporary Artists and Sculptors
Joep van Lieshout (1963–Present) – Sculptor
Van Lieshout is known for his large-scale, socially critical sculptures and installations. His works often delve into themes of power, anatomy, and society. Key Works: AVL-Ville, SlaveCity, The Anus.
Modern & Contemporary Artists and Sculptors
Piet Mondrian (1872–1944) – Painter & Sculptor
A pioneer of abstract art, Mondrian’s geometric shapes and use of primary colors defined his style. He also created abstract sculptures that reflected these same ideas. Key Work